AM430: Topics in Ordinary Differential Equations
Lectures are Mon: 14-16 room 009 and Wed.
14-16 room 009
opics
Topics
Local existence and uniqueness theorems.
Some simple solution methods.
Systems of linear equations
Qualitative analysis
Periodic solutions
Perturbation theory
ics
Suggested textbooks
Coddington-Levinson Theory of differential equations (McGraw-Hill)
Amann: Ordinary Differential Equations, an introduction to Non Linear Analysis
Tao: Nonlinear Dispersive equations (Chapter one) pdf
Ambrosetti-Prodi: A Primer of Non-linear Analysis
Hirsch-Smale: Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra
For the normal form Bambusi http://users.mat.unimi.it/users/bambusi/pedagogical.pdf
Presentation of the general case
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Normal_forms
For the proof of Hartman Grobman theorem see
Zehnder E. Lectures on dynamical systems.. Hamiltonian vector fields and symplectic capacities.pdf
ics
Plan of the lectures
Lecture 1- Mon. 22/2: Plan of the course and introduction
Lecture 2-
Wed. 24/2: Cauchy-Peano local existence Theorem (Coddington-Levinson)
Lecture 3-
Mon 29/2: Contraction mapping theorem, Picard local existence and uniqueness theorem (Tao)
Lecture 4-
Wed 3/3: Gronwall's lemma, Maximal extensions, global existence theorem (Tao)
Lecture 5- Mon
7/3: Linear systems, fundamental solutions, linear non-homogeneous
systems, linear systems with constant coefficients, exponent of a
matrix,
Lecture 6-
Wed 9/3: Jordan form and real canonical form of
a real matrix (Hirsh-Smale, ask me for the notes), Floquet
theorem (complex form)
Next week we will NOT have class! remember to read the chapter on normal forms and do the excercises!!
Lecture 7-
Mon 21/3: Logarithms of real matrices, Floquet theorem (real form)
Lecture 8-
Tue 22/3: excercises
Lecture 9-
Mon 28/3: Linear systems, sources and wells, exponential stability and instability results
Lecture 10- Wed 30/3: more on stability and instability results in
linear and non-linear setting, Lyapunov functions, Hartmann-Grobmann
theorem(statement)
Lecture 11- Mon 4/4: vector fields as derivations, push-forward of a vector field, Lie derivative
Lecture 12- Wed 6/4: more on vector fields and changes of variables the
Lie exponentiation formula, symmetries and constants of motion
Next week there are no classes! please read an introduction on Hamiltonian vector fields and do the excercises!!
Lecture 13-
Wed 20/4: Hamiltonian vector fields, Hamiltonian formalism symplectic changes of variables
Lecture 14-
Wed 27/4: more on Hamiltonian vector fileds and changes of variables
Lecture
15- Fri 29/4: analytic Hamiltonians, norms and Cauchy
estimates. Polynomial hamiltonians and degree decomposition.
Lecture 16- Mon 2/5: the basics of Birkhoff normal form. One dimensional case, geometric interpretation.
Lecture 17-
Wed 4/5: More on Birkhoff normal form sequences of changes of variables and estimates
Lecture 19-
Mon 9/5: Statement of the Birkhoff theorem in C^k class, the general alogrithm
Lecture 20-
Wed 11/5: The elliptic non-resonant case. Reducibility
algorithms, a firs example diagonalization of regular matrices, a
perturbative approach.
Lecture 21-
Mon 16/5:
Lecture 22-
Wed 18/5:
ics
Exercises:
1. Prove the Cauchy-Kovaleskii Theorem (Exercise 1.1 Tao )
2. Exercise 1.7, 1.10 and 1.11 in Tao. (Compartison principle and existence times)
3. Discuss global existence for one dimensional autonomous systems $\dot x = f(x)$ where $f$ is a C^1 function $R\to R$.
4. Exercises on linear systems pdf
5. Prove Floquet theorem in real form: Suppose that we have a real
ODE \dot x = A(t) x, with $A(t)$ a real $T$-periodic matrix. Prove that
there exists a real $2T$-periodic change of variables which reduces A(t) to constant coefficients.
6. Let $r(x,\tau)$ be the push-forward of the vector field $f(y)$
w.r.t. the flow $y= \Phi(\tau,x)$ of $\frac {d y}{d\tau} = g(y)$,
$y(0)= x$.
Write an explicit formula for $r$ in terms of $\Phi$.
Show that $\partial_\tau r = [r,g]$. Hint: prove it first for $\tau=0$.
Suppose now that $g(y)$ is a Hamiltonian vector field with
Hamiltonian $S(p,q)$ (so $y=(p,q)$ and $x=(P,Q)$). Given any
Hamiltonian $H(y)$ let $K(\tau,x):= H(\Phi(\tau,x)) (recall that
$y=\Phi(\tau,x)$ is the flow.
Show that $\partial_\tau K(\tau,x)= \{K(\tau,x),S(x)\}$.
7. Consider the space of analytic functions $H(p,q)= \sum_{a,b\in
\mathbb N_0} H_{a,b} p^a q^b$ where $H_{a,b}$ is a sequence of real
numbers such that
$$|H|_r:= \sum_{a,b\in \mathbb N_0} |H_{a,b}|r^{a+b}<\infty. $$
Show that for all $r'<r$ one has the Cauchy estimates
$$ |\{H,K\}|_{r'} \le C(r,r')|H|_r |K|_r $$
give an estimate for $C(r,r')$ as for $r'$ close to $r$.
8. Consider the space of regular analytic Hamiltonians $H(p,q)= \sum_{a,b\in
\mathbb N_0^d} H_{a,b} p^a q^b$ where $H_{a,b}$ is a sequence of real
numbers such that
$$|H|_r:= \sum_{a,b\in \mathbb N_0}(1+|a|+|b|)
|H_{a,b}|r^{a+b-2}<\infty. $$ or alternatively $$ |H|_r= \frac{1}{r}
\sup_{|p|,|q|\le r, p,q\in \C^d} |X_H(p,q)|$$
prove Cauchy estimates
$$ |\{H,K\}|_{r'} \le C(1-r'/r)^{-1}|H|_r |K|_r $$ discuss
the existence times for $e^{t\{F,\cdot\}}$ as a map from regular
ananytic functions in B(r') to regular analytic functions in B(r).
9. Discuss the dynamical consequences of the non-resonant elliptic Birkhoff normal form theorem (see notes by Bambusi)
10. compute two steps of Birkhoff normal form for the Hamiltonian
$$
1/2(p_1^2+q_1^2) + a/2 (p_2^2+q_2^2)+ p_1p_2^2+ q_1^2 p_1
$$
for
$a= 1$ and $a= \sqrt{2}$.